Ford engine fault codes list
Ford engine fault codes list. P0171 2005 Ford F150 30,599 Views. g. While the symptoms of this code are similar to those of other DTCs, the fixes may not be. This guide covers various aspects of diagnosing and troubleshooting faults by 7. Which code you will get will depend on which bank of the engine is producing the code. Lack of Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor Switch Sensor Indicates Lean Bank 2. P0174 2005 Ford F150 📷 21,879 Views. How to diagnose Check Engine trouble codes - EEC-IV codes and what they mean. P0113 IAT Sensor Circuit High Input. Step 3: Read the codes in the computer. Mar 2, 2017 · Note: Make sure your engine is warmed up before doing these tests. Lincoln Trouble Codes. P1xxx codes, on the other hand, refer to a problem with the P0000 – P0099 (Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission control) P0000. Top Categories. Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit/Open. Turn key on without starting engine. my throttle position sensor has been replaced three times. amazon. Mass Air Flow (MAF) or Vane Air Flow (VAF) out of range – MAF VAF. Lack of Upstream Heated Oxygen Sensor Switch Adaptive Fuel Limit Bank 2. This section will list some of the most common diagnostic trouble codes found in the 1994 Ford Ranger and explain their meanings. P000E - Fuel Volume Regulator Control Exceeded Learning Limit. Learn More Jan 9, 2024 · Common Ford Diagnostic Trouble Codes cover a wide range of issues that can occur in Ford vehicles. See also Unraveling the 2016 BMW 750i: A Comprehensive Q&A. P1170 ESO - Engine Shut Off Solenoid Fault. P0441 - EVAP System Incorrect Purge Flow. Mercedes Trouble Codes. Diesel Repair has the BIGGEST fault code database in the diesel industry: every commercial truck DTC from the introduction of Electronic Control Modules (ECMs) to the current year and models. May 15, 2023 · The last digit of a code typically indicates the most critical function present. However, a faulty component can also cause a small leak. (M) (Service 556 code first if present) Fuel pump relay or battery power feed was open – Power / Fuel Pump Circuits. Popular Ford Fiesta fault codes along with an explanation of their meanings. A full guide of what OBD2 codes are, how to read diagnostic trouble codes (DTC’s), and a full list of DTC codes you can search from. Mazda Trouble Codes. P1891 Throttle Position Sensor PWM Signal Low. Kia Trouble Codes. # originally compiled by By John Patton from Ford Truck Enthusiasts. Oxygen sensor circuit, high voltage (post-converter sensor, right bank) P0160. Super Duty/Heavy Duty. P0003. all while traveling at 60mph or sometimes slower. 24. Explanation of Codes. We Jan 6, 2024 · To retrieve trouble codes from a 1994 Ford F150 using the OBD-1 system as recommended by Popular Mechanics Magazine, you will need an OBD-1 scanner or code reader. Lexus Trouble Codes. Jan 11, 2024 · There are several common check engine light codes that Ford Ranger owners may encounter. If using MIL/CHECK ENGINE light, service codes are displayed as flashes. 136 - EFP Engine Fuel Pressure signal out-of-range low. A 1/2-second pause occurs between number of flashes in a digit. If the P-code contains a “1,” then the problem is with the engine, and it’s a mechanical issue. The Ford F650/F750 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions guide is an essential resource for technicians and mechanics working with these models. System too rich, left bank. Jun 20, 2021 · Code P0300. DTCs come in a string of five characters. net/Ford/ Fault code U0001 is one of the most common issues the Ranger has suffered from. P1893 Engine Torque Signal Low Voltage. Fault code P0171 is another issue that the Explorer has been known to suffer from. Repeat test. Another common problem for the F-150 is that it can run lean. P0340 Code: Camshaft Position Sensor "A" Circuit Malfunction. It’s so simple, and yet it will definitely trip your Ford’s check engine light: a loose or damaged gas cap. Some shops will scan your codes for free. 10 minutes. Perform visual inspections and basic checks related to the indicated system or component. Kenworth Trouble Codes. Plug the scanner into the diagnostic port located under the dashboard on the driver’s side. Oxygen sensor heater circuit malfunction (post-converter sensor, right bank) P0171. the only way to get it to return to idle is to push in clutch turn off ignition and start up again. Ford Check Engine Light Codes. This can occur if the system detects an invalid key or if there is a fault with the key, ignition, or transceiver. These codes are retrieved from the onboard diagnostic (OBD) system of the vehicle, which helps identify and troubleshoot issues related to various components and systems. P0123 Accelerator Pedal Sensor Circuit High Input. This is typically the result of faulty wiring between the CAN bus and the various control modules onboard. P0420: Indicates a catalyst system efficiency below threshold. 1. Sep 17, 2022 · If your vehicle has been showing signs of a trouble code, Ford P0110 TP V – PID suddenly changes below 0. P1894 Engine Torque Signal High Voltage. KOEO Codes. Engine Coolant Temp (ECT) sensor circuit below minimum voltage/254°F indicated. System too lean, left bank. A Permanent Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is stored when a DTC is confirmed and the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) has been illuminated. 49 volt, or above 4. Jun 7, 2016 · The connector is a female 16-pin connector that is trapezoidal in shape. Description, Diagnostic and Repair Information for Ford F150 OBD2-OBDII Engine Codes | Engine-Codes. Fault Information System (FIS) is a downloadable version of the fault code troubleshooting manual. Dec 23, 2020 · The 6 Most Common Check Engine Light Causes in Fords. If you see the P0xxx code, this indicates an issue with the engine’s powertrain. In addition to this, owners have reported that P2125 is also logged somewhat commonly. P1111 System Pass (No DTCs Available) P0107 BARO Circuit Low Input. Jul 9, 2022 · Some of the most common engine fault codes in a Ford can be categorized as “powertrain” or “body” in order to pinpoint the underlying problem. In this, ‘P’ indicates a powertrain code indicating a problem with the engine; the ‘0’ indicates that it’s a generic code for your car. Below is a detailed list of common Ford check engine light codes and their corresponding issues. Jan 17, 2012 · Received 5 Likes on 5 Posts. Below are common check engine light trouble codes for the Ford Powerstroke diesel. P0103 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input. Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High Input. OEM and generic are all accounted for, so no matter how you retrieve the codes, you’re able to find the repair information 116. Ford OBD-II Trouble Codes. 551. P0122 Accelerator Pedal Sensor Circuit Low Input. These codes are structured as a series of letters and numbers, with each character serving a specific purpose: First character (P, C, B, or U). A “2” indicates fuel or air metering injection system issues, while an “3” signals ignition-related issues. You'll likely find another OBD2 code—from P0301 to P0308—alongside P0300 as these all point to engine misfires. Some lamps turn on when you start your vehicle to make sure they work. Call us at 1-859-737-4966 with any questions you may have about your diesel. P061B 2005 Ford F150 6,102 Views. P1234). 121. A mechanic should first check the other fault codes, such as P2110, before addressing this one. FORD Common Faults. Use the Fault Code Chart within the section to aid in identifying the fault. 542. Code 112: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor circuit fault. 1999 to 2016 Super Duty 1999 to 2016 Ford F250, F350, F450 and F550 Super Duty with diesel V8 and gas V8 and V10 engines. Fuel volume regulator control -circuit range/performance. The 2nd character is a numeric digit (0 thru 3). P0446 - EVAP System Vent Control Circuit 175 4 PID 175 1224 Engine Oil Temperature Circuit Failed Low 175 3 PID 175 1224 Engine Oil Temperature Circuit Failed High 175 14 PID 175 1224 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Plausibility Fault 175 2 PID 175 1224 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor, General Temp. Ford OBD1 Code Gathering. Mack Trouble Codes. Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Range/Performance. P0300: Points to random/multiple cylinder misfire detected. Continous Memory Codes In addition to this, fault code P0456 indicates a small leak in the system. Jun 22, 2022 · If the voltage is outside of its normal range, the Engine Control Module will receive a P0150 code. P0100 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Malfunction. Knock sensor not tested (ignore if not pinging) – KS. engine throutle will stay stuck at high RPM after i take my foot off peddle. This character indicates the system associated with the fault. Aug 24, 2008 · Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums. Engine Coolant Temp (ECT) sensor circuit above maximum voltage/-40°F indicated. Code 113: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor circuit fault. Fuel Injection System Too Lean Bank 1. Retrieve the codes using an OBD-II scanner. indicates that your car's computer has detected an engine misfire that's random and/or appearing on multiple cylinders. Autozone is one place that will give you the code number. 3. This code indicates that the first bank of the engine is running lean. Interpret the codes to understand the underlying issue. Wiring, regulator control solenoid. This code is stored in the ECM memory, and its symptoms can range from slow throttle response to limited RPM. You will be provided with automotive engine code descriptions, possible causes, possible symptoms, how the code is detected and more. P0101 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem. Example: KOEO, 11,109 – Indicates a Key On Engine Off test, with codes 11 and 109. P1000 EOBD system not tested before use. com | Page 1 Jan 31, 2023 · P1149. These codes are displayed on the scanning tool when it’s connected to the OBD system. 7 DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Codes) P0001 - Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit. Counting Digits to Get Your Trouble Codes. A test light is needed. 6/10. Difficulty. In 2004 they changed to a 5R110 transmission and the codes are Dec 12, 2023 · Here is a list of common OBD-I DTCs for Ford vehicles: Code 111: System PASS. A Loose Gas Cap. - Generic DTCs are codes that are used by all vehicle manufacturers. Each code corresponds to a specific problem, and understanding their meanings Dec 26, 2023 · A typical Ford OBD1 code consists of two sections, separated by a hyphen (-). The oxygen content in the air is a The warning lamps on your dashboard alert you to a vehicle condition that may become serious, and indicator lights show you when a feature is being used. P0200 - P0299 P1200 - P1299. 65 volt, it’s time to take it to a mechanic. Alternator 2 -high input. Aug 19, 2022 · If you find a P0246 on your car’s DTC list, you’ll want to make sure you understand the code’s meaning. The oxygen sensor is the main source of a P0150 code. P0172. Each vehicle is different, so it’s best to consult the factory repair manual or Jan 29, 2013 · Diagnostic trouble codes (or fault codes) are obd2 codes that are stored by the on-board computer diagnostic system. Try the free engine code look up service. Jan 6, 2024 · Common Diagnostic Trouble Codes and Their Meanings. Dec 26, 2023 · Troubleshooting Ford DTC codes involves a systematic approach: 1. P0102 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input. P0174 System too lean. It provides information about fault codes, procedure numbers to perform repairs, and step by step troubleshooting on the engine. Scan your codes and follow the chart to determine what the code means. P0171 – System Too Lean Bank 1. The Ford Fault Codes DTC guide is a comprehensive manual specifically designed to provide important information and instructions to technicians and DIY enthusiasts working on Ford vehicles equipped with OBDII (On-Board Diagnostics II) systems. Plausibility 190 2 PID 190 1225 Engine Speed High Apr 18, 2024 · Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Code Description. com/Scanner-Reader-TOPDON-Readiness- . 1268548 Z-45/25 • Z-45/25J Page 74: Hydraulic Pumps SPN Codes and Page Numbers Sorted by SPN SPN 653 FMI 6 Injector Driver #3 Short To Power 97 SPN 654 FMI 5 Injector Driver #4 Open/Short To Ground 99 Oct 3, 2022 · In this video I cover the following Common Fault codes P0299, P00BD, P2598, P2599, P0401, P042F, P0113https://www. 4. Knock sensor not tested (ignore if not pinging) - KS. P0420 – Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1. Dec 10, 2023 · Here are some common Dodge DTCs along with their meanings: P0300: Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected. O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 1) Learn More. The second section consists of two letters. Fuel volume regulator control -circuit open. 998. Transmission control switch not activated during self test. Follow the instructions provided with the scanner to retrieve the trouble codes. If a fault occurs, some of the vehicle's systems will generate and store a fault code. If you don’t have a code-scanner, you can count the signals and find the codes that way. Some of these codes include: P0171: Indicates a lean condition in the engine’s air-fuel mixture. Lookup code definition for repair. 117. 26. This code indicates that the signal from the oxygen sensor has remained lean for an excessive period of my 1994 B3000 3. The five-digit DTC includes one letter usually followed by four numbers (e. 141 - VSS Vehicle Speed Sensor signal out-of-range low. A1 8/2017 Fault Codes Control System Fault Codes Specifications Hydraulic Component Specifications Repair Function Manifold Components Schematics Hydraulic Schematic, A2 9/2017 Repair Procedure 2-3, 2-4 Fault Codes Introduction, Control System and Platform Overload Fault Codes Schematics Hour Meter Pin Legend P0446 – Multiple Displacement System Rationality Bank 2. This character will help you determine which of the four main car’s parts is at fault. 1968-Present E-Series Van/Cutaway/Chassis Econolines. i retrieved codes : 113 121 122 125 157 Key on engine off and Engine Running Throttle sensor out of range or throttle set too high – TPS. 653. Internal Control Module Engine RPM Dec 1, 2021 · Published: Dec 1, 2021. I Dec 30, 2023 · A Ford OBD1 diagnostic codes list is a comprehensive compilation of diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) specific to Ford vehicles manufactured before 1996. P0001. Happily, this is a much simpler repair than some other issues on this list. 135 - APS/IVS Idle Validation Switch circuit fault. Code 115: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor circuit fault. P1150. Mercury Trouble Codes. 652. Throttle sensor out of range or throttle set too high - TPS. Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Low. troublecodes. Part No. Jan 9, 2024 · The most common check engine codes for a Ford F150 in Popular Mechanics Magazine include P0171 (System Too Lean Bank 1), P0174 (System Too Lean Bank 2), P0300 (Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected), and P0420 (Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1). #2. P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1) C1234: Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Input Signal Missing. This comprehensive manual provides detailed information and descriptions of common diagnostic trouble codes, enabling efficient troubleshooting and effective repairs. MLUS circuit failure. The DTC is usually in five digits, such as P0030. Wiring, alternator, ECM. These OBD2 codes are stored when a sensor in the car reports a reading that is outside the normal/accepted range (Eg: fuel mixture too rich). 23. Second character (0-9). If any lamps remain on after starting your vehicle, refer to your Vehicle Health Alerts in the FordPass App * or review Trouble Codes › Ford OBD Trouble Codes. P0401 Exhaust gas recirculation "A" flow insufficient detected. 22. The first character will either be P (powertrain), B (Body-AC/Airbag), C (chassis-ABS) or U (network-CAN/BUS). If your Check engine light is on you may have a serious problem. This fault code indicates that the engine has been disabled by the PATS system. Some examples include P0300 (Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected), P0420 (Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold), and U0100 (Lost Communication with ECM/PCM). P0xxx codes, for example, indicate a problem with a specific subsystem. Mar 11, 2022 · The connector shape is the same for all Ford OBD1 vehicles. Wiring, intake/fuel system, H02S, EGR system, oil level, camshaft timing, cylinder compression, ECM. Step 2: Plug your OBD scan tool into the connector. The scan tool’s male end will only fit one way onto the vehicle’s connector. P0300 Random/multiple cylinder misfire detected. This list has been updated to includes Powerstroke diesel diagnostic trouble codes. P1169 Fuel Rail Sensor In-Range High Failure. At Thoroughbred Diesel we are a real diesel performance and repair shop that offers free advice. Nov 5, 2008 · November 8, 2008. 25. Ford Diagnostic Trouble Codes. Feb 16, 2005 · List of airbag trouble codes. 6. 543. Search OBDII Codes. P0002. If the O2 sensor is not functioning properly, the engine will start to run rich, or the spark plugs will become fouled. Located OBD1 Data connector. 3L Powerstroke DTC Master List. It identifies the Main system where the fault occurred (Body, Chassis, Powertrain, or Network). Dec 26, 2023 · A typical Ford OBD1 code consists of two sections, separated by a hyphen (-). Understanding these codes is essential for quickly identifying and addressing issues, minimizing downtime, and ensuring the efficient and safe operation of the tractor. Page 73: Ford Msg-425 Engine Fault Codes Refer to Fault Codes Procedure, How to Retrieve Engine Fault Codes for your specific model of engine. 1999 to 2016 Super Duty. Closed throttle voltage higher or lower than expected. It can also mean that your car’s air or fuel-metering system is having trouble. This code indicates that there is a loss of communication with the high-speed CAN bus. P0150. 2. A 4-second pause occurs between each code. Jan 24, 2007 · Many of the parts needed to repair the issues can be purchased from Level Ten Products and we recommend you visit their web site or give them a call at (973) 827-1000. Engine Coolant temp (ECT) higher or lower than expected. 2008 f-250 engine codes. ETV intermittent failure. The former code is likely the result of a faulty component, most likely a purge valve. P0004 - Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit High. P1890 Throttle Position Signal Input. P0l08 BARO Circuit High Input. Fault in ECT/ACT/MAF/TPR circuit. P061C 2005 Ford F150 3,352 Views. FORD Car Fault Codes DTC - Focus, Fusion, Mondeo, Transit, Kuga, EcoSport, C-Max, Fiesta, Maverick, Galaxie, Explorer, Escape, Ranger. Continous Memory Codes Understanding OBD 2 codes is essential to assess your vehicle’s condition accurately. Sponsored by: Every Fault Code, Every Time. It identifies the Type of code (Generic or Manufacturer-Specific). Jan 4, 2024 · B1234 – Engine Disabled. 3/10. P1158 Lack of Downstream Heated Oxygen Sensor Switch - Sensor Indicates Rich - Bank 2 - Read Our Article on Oxygen Sensor Codes For Help With This Lincoln Check Engine Light Code. Because the latter code indicates a small leak, it is very likely that it is the result of a loose fuel cap. -. This is shown by both fault codes P0171 and P0174 being logged. 137 - EFP Engine Fuel Pressure signal out-of-range high. Some Ranger models have also suffered from fault code P0700, which is a Mechanical engine failure: P0304: Fault cylinder 4 Misfire detected: Mechanical engine failure: P0305: Fault cylinder 5 Misfire detected: Mechanical engine failure: P0306: Fault cylinder 6 Misfire detected: Mechanical engine failure: P0307: Fault cylinder 7 Misfire detected: Mechanical engine failure: P0308: Fault cylinder 8 Misfire detected Most common OBD-II trouble codes. A Permanent DTC can only then be cleared by the module strategy and cannot be erased by clearing DTCs with a scan tool, a Keep-Alive Memory (KAM) reset, or battery disconnect. Dec 12, 2023 · The Ford P1000 fault code is a generic OBD-II diagnostic trouble code that indicates that the vehicle’s Engine Control Module (ECM) or Powertrain Control Module (PCM) has not completed its readiness monitors. A “4” indicates auxiliary emissions control issues, while a “5” deals with vehicle speed controls and idle control systems. The problem may impact fuel economy. P0101 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem: This code points to a problem with the mass airflow sensor, which measures the amount of air entering the engine. So for Mar 8, 2009 · 1987 - 1996 F150 - list of all the ford obd1 codes - i was going to post the list but it is way to big so here is a link to the website http://www. P0000 Code P0000 means that no errors were detected in the memory of the control unit. P0100 - P0199 P1100 - P1199. E150, E250, E350, E450 and E550. Nov 12, 2006 · 134 - APS/IVS APS signal and IVS disagree. 0 OBD1 . For example, code P0171 indicates a lean condition in the engine’s fuel system, while P0301 signifies a misfire in cylinder 1. SEARCH TROUBLE CODES. GM General Motors OBD-II Diagnostic Trouble Codes. To resolve this issue, check the key for any damage or try using a different key. The E40D and 4R100 codes are for gas and diesel for 1996 – 2003 E and F-series Super Duty (250 350 450 550). Diagnostic Fault Codes For Cummins Engines Applies to Engine Models QSB T2, QSC T2, QSL T2, QSM11, QSX15, QSK19, QSK23, QST30, QSK45/60/78 Note: These fault codes are current at date of publication. MAP (vacuum) or BARO signal out of range - MAP. A 2-second pause occurs between digits in a code. P0128 Coolant thermostat (coolant temperature below thermostat) P0171 System too lean. Oxygen sensor circuit - no activity detected (post-converter sensor, right bank) P0161. Ford Fault Codes. Always refer to engine service manual for the latest information related to engine diagnostics and troubleshooting. Oct 29, 2023 · Car Fault Codes: Breakdown of Engine Codes Complete List. Transmission Oil Temperature (TOT) sensor out of range 2005 Ford F150 OBDII Codes List. These OBD-II codes will appear if the system senses a problem with your vehicle’s catalytic converter. P0002 - Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Range/Performance. Often, this is a result of a missing O-ring; this will need to be replaced. Each individual combination of letters and P0300 - Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected. Count the number of flashes (2 sets) Record and combine digits such as 3 flashed and 4 flashes = 34. (O) Fuel pump monitor circuit shows no power – Power / Fuel Pump Circuits. P0004. Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Detected Engine Overheating Condition . No fault. Land Rover Trouble Codes. A 4-cylinder engine will result in a P0420 code, while a 6-cylinder engine will result in a P0430 code. P1168 Fuel Rail Sensor In-Range Low Failure. Find your vehicle. P0112 IAT Sensor Circuit Low Input. Connections are displayed in image. Fuel Injection System Too Lean Bank 2. Ford F-150 Engine Diagnostic Guides Get to the root of your engine's leaks, noises, misfires, and performance issues with our step-by-step diagnostics. The first section contains one or two letters, followed by one or two numbers. To get a code digit: There’s a 2 second pause between digits and 4 second pause between codes. P0300 – Cylinder Misfire Detected Random Cylinders. One code for example, might be “P0806”. These two codes indicate that the first and second banks are at fault respectively. It may take patience to do so but doable. 118. This code typically appears when the vehicle has recently had its battery disconnected or cleared of trouble codes. P0420 - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1. P1151. 142 - VSS Vehicle Speed Sensor signal out-of-range high. Internal Control Module Torque Calculation Performance. The scan tool will power up as soon as it has been plugged in. Intake Air Temperature (IAT) or Vane Air Temperature (VAT) sensor out of range - IAT VAT. P0003 - Fuel Volume Regulator Control Circuit Low. If your vehicle is giving you intermittent or slow acceleration, you may have P2110 Ford fault codes. Apr 14, 2024 · CNH Tractor DTC Fault Codes cover a wide range of systems and components, including the engine, transmission, hydraulic systems, electrical systems, and more. The 1st character is a letter (B, C, P, or U). P1892 Throttle Position Sensor PWM Signal High. Serpentine Belt Routing Diagrams Ask a Mechanic Free Insurance Quotes P0193. If both of these codes are logged simultaneously, it is likely that there is an upstream issue in either the air or fuel supply systems. Learn More Fixes. And finally, the ‘3’ means that the problem is specifically with the ignition system. Intake Air Temperature (IAT) or Vane Air Temperature (VAT) sensor out of range – IAT VAT. Code 114: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor circuit fault. Full list of OBD I Diagnostic Trouble Codes for your Ford Vehicle. These are stored in response to a problem found in the car by the system. Dec 20, 2023 · Common Ford Check Engine Light Codes. Jun 30, 2022 · P2110. Diagnostic Trouble Codes, also known as engine fault codes, are five-digit codes that identify a particular problem in the car. They're full of information supported by the Ford service manuals and supported by the global F-150 community. P1895 TCM to ECM Torque Reduction Circuit. (O,M) Fuel pump open, bad ground or always on – – Power / Fuel Pump Circuits. fu zm is cn pg zl ye lt bt ij